THE ULTIMATE THEORY IN PHYSICS

The finiteness theory is a new theory in physics proposed by me. It is based on the concept that energy is the quality of matter. Based on the new theory, the physical world can be explained using a new set of physical laws, slightly but fundamentally different from the existing ones. The new theory can resolve all the existing problems in present day physics. An outline of the new theory is given below.

Photon the fundamental particle:
I am using the term ‘photon’ to represent the fundamental particle of matter because it is the most suitable name. Photon can be defined as the smallest possible particle of matter. It has a finite volume, finite mass and finite energy. The suggested mass is 1.1x10^-47kg and radius, 3.2x10^-23m. Its energy is in the kinetic form; it moves at the speed of light, and so its energy is mc²/2.It moves along a helical path having a circular axis. Such a motion creates a small varying charge, varying from positive to negative depending on the position in the helix. A moving charge can create a magnetic field. So a photon has a varying electrical and magnetic field associated with it.

Photon-pairs, photon rings, photon shells:
Photons remain in pairs, the two remaining at diametrically opposite positions in the helix. The suggested radius of the helix is 4.2x10^-16m. The pair rotates as it moves forward. So streams of such photon-pairs would create three dimensional wave patterns, the wavelength depending on the number of pairs in a given length. The net electrical and magnetic fields of the patterns are planar and in a wave form, thus resembling an electromagnetic radiation. So, electromagnetic radiations are streams of photon-pairs and not just waves. A quantum represents a small length of radiation; the proposed quantum length is 9.6x10^-3m. All electromagnetic waves including light follow circular paths; the proposed diameter of the path is 4.1 billion light years. So light takes 12.85 billion years to complete one revolution.

Photon pairs can integrate into ring patterns also. The net field of ring patterns is zero. Neutrino radiations are streams of photon rings. The proposed mass of a neutrino is 4.6x10^-40kg.

The next step of integration is photon shells, the photons remaining on the surface of a sphere having a radius equal to that of the helix. Shells are either positively or negatively charged. Both have the same energy, but positive shells have a slightly higher mass. Positively charged shells integrate into positrons and the negatively charged shells integrate into electrons; both contain 150 shells each. When an electron is formed, a positron is simultaneously created.

Electron-positron pairs, neutrons:
An electron and a positron together form an electron-positron pair. These are the building blocks of the universe. Neutrons are formed by the integration of e-p pairs. A neutron contains 919 e-p pairs. However, it is unstable and changes into a proton- electron system.

Atoms, masses, systems of masses, universe:
An atom of hydrogen is formed when a neutron changes into proton- electron system. Other atoms are formed by the integration of proton- electron systems. Such atoms integrate into large lumps of matter or masses. Masses together integrate into orbiting systems of masses. The orbiting systems of masses further integrate into a pulsating system, which we call the universe.

Energy, charge, cold energy, force:
Energy is a fundamental quality of photon, and so bodies made up of photons remain in motion. The natural energy of any body is mc²/2. However, part of this energy remains as internal energy and so no body can attain the speed ‘c’. Energy can be potential or kinetic. The potential energy of particles creates charges. The charge of an electron is equal to mc²/4, that is, half of its natural energy.

In masses, potential energy exists as normal vibrations or heat energy or cold energy. When a mass is in a cold state, its temperature is below absolute zero. The stars have heat energy and the black holes have cold energy. The highest and lowest temperatures possible are 5x10⁷K and -5x10⁷K respectively.

Real forces are created as a reaction to the energy possessed. Kinetic energy creates gravity, potential energy creates electrostatic force and motion of potential states creates magnetic force. These three are the only real forces. Gravity is always attractive, but the other two can be both attractive and repulsive. The energy equivalent of real forces available to a body is equal to mc²/2. The inertial force due to energy possessed is a pseudo force and can be termed as antigravity force, which is always repulsive.

Force used, integration, balance of forces:
Force is used for the integration of matter. When the whole force is used, the system formed will not have a field and so will not integrate further. Independent systems have no fields and so will remain isolated. In atoms, masses and orbiting systems of masses, the attractive and repulsive forces, including antigravity force, remain balanced. It is this balance that makes them stable.

The pulsation of the universe:
The pulsation of the universe is due to oscillation between super-hot and super-cold states. The average temperature of the super-hot state is 5488K and, the super-cold state is -5488K. The universe takes 51.4 billion years to complete one pulsation. Now the expansion has reached nearly half way and the average temperature of the universe is equal to 3K, the temperature corresponding to the back ground radiation. At the exact half way, the temperature would be 0K. It requires 7 million years more to reach the exact halfway.

The space and time:
Both space and time are real and infinite. The only quality of space is that it is always three dimensional. The only quality of time is that it always moves forward. Space and time without matter represents the physical reality of nothingness. When matter comes into the arena, there is something which exists in space and time; the space and time associated with matter can have only real positive values greater than zero.

The Ensemble:
Our universe is just a single unit of matter. There are billions of such units or universes in the infinite space. During the formation of a universe, the whole force is used. So a universe has no field and cannot interact with other universes. So these remain isolated at their respective positions. As there are no interactions, we cannot call it a system of universes; we can call it the Ensemble. The Ensemble is static; it is omnipresent and forever-present.

The theory of everything:
The finiteness theory thus explains everything from the fundamental particles to the Ensemble. Thus it is the theory of everything or the ultimate theory in physics. The mathematical and observational evidences in favor of the finiteness theory would be posted subsequently.

*For details refer my book titled “The Realty of the Physical World” to be published soon (date would be posted subsequently).

The ‘dilemma of Newton’ now solved:

The problem why the gravitational and inertial masses are equal was a dilemma for Newton. The problem can be solved on the basis of the finiteness theory. The theory views that gravity is created due to motion, and the force thus created is equivalent to the kinetic energy. Thus both gravity and kinetic energy depend on the same physical entity called mass and hence gravitational and inertial masses are equal.

CERN will disprove Higgs Bosons:

Higgs Bosons, the so-called mass giving particles, may turn out to be a myth. The finiteness theory views that matter has a fundamental particle; mass, volume and speed are its fundamental properties. As every thing could be explained on the basis of this new simple and logical concept, why should there be such metaphysical concepts like ‘mass giving particles’ and ‘virtual force particles’.

A very simple solution to quantum-gravity:

Quantum gravity is something that eludes the theoretical physicists. The finiteness theory gives a very simple solution. The strong nuclear force that holds the nucleus together is actually gravity at the quantum level. Gravitational, electrostatic and magnetic forces are spillovers of a basic force. These three are real forces having fields; and are speed (energy) dependent. The force constants depend on the nature of the system and speed (energy). At the level of electrons/positrons, the electrostatic and gravitational constants are equal. That is, gravity is very strong at the quantum level. As matter integrates into atoms and masses, gravitational constant decreases. The weak nuclear force, however, is a pseudo force or an inertial force, and so does not have a field or a constant.

The theory of everything

The finiteness theory views that space and time are absolute, infinite and separate, and also that there are billions of universes. Though space and time are infinite, universes are finite in space, and their pulse periods are also finite. The finite nature of the universe implies that it is built up of fundamental particles having same finite properties, and also that it is governed by a finite set of laws. Finite number of laws indicates the existence of a basic theory, the theory of everything. The finiteness theory is thus the theory of everything. It visualizes just three basic physical constants, namely, the mass, volume and speed of the fundamental particle, representing matter, space and time respectively. So there are only three fundamental units, and any system can be fully described in terms of these three.